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A dichotomy exists in the design of modern microelectronic systems: theymust be simultaneously low power and high performance. This dichotomylargely arises from the use of these systems in battery-operated portable(wearable) platforms. Accordingly, the goal of low-power design for batterypoweredelectronics is to extend the battery service life while meeTIngperformance requirements. Unless opTImizaTIons are applied at differentlevels, the capabiliTIes of future portable systems will be severely limited bythe weight of the batteries required for an acceptable duration of service. Infixed, power-rich platforms, the packaging cost and power density/reliabilityissues associated with high power and high performance systems also forcedesigners to look for ways to reduce power consumption. Thus, reducingpower dissipation is a design goal even for non-portable devices sinceexcessive power dissipation results in increased packaging and cooling costsas well as potential reliability problems. Ldi/dt noise concerns have alsobecome an important factor that demands low-power consumption in highperformanceintegrated circuits. Therefore, as power dissipation increases,the cost of power delivery to the ever-increasing number of transistors on achip multiplies rapidly.
