Managing Power Electronics (电力

1 IntroducTIon .......................................................................... 11.1 Technology Landscape 11.2 A Young Industry after All 42 Power Management Technologies ...................................... 92.1 IntroducTIon 92.2 Integrated Circuits Power Technology:Processing and Packaging 10Diodes and Bipolar Transistors 10Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Transistors 15DMOS Transistors 16CMOS Transistors 17Passive Components 17A Monolithic Process Example 18Packaging 182.3 Discrete Power Technology: Processing and Packaging 20From Wall to Board 20Power MOSFET Technology Basics 21Package Technologies 232.4 Ongoing Trends 24 viii Contents3 Circuits ............................................................................... 25Part I Analog Circuits 263.1 Transistors 26NPN 26PNP 27Trans-Conductance 27Transistor as Transfer-Resistor 28Transistor EquaTIons 29MOS versus Bipolar Transistors 303.2 Elementary Circuits 32Current Mirror 32Current Source 32DifferenTIal Input Stage 33Differential to Single Input StageBuffer 35343.3 Operational Amplifier (Opamp) 35Inverting and Non-Inverting Inputs 36Rail to Rail Output OperationCMOSOpamp 37Opamp Symbol and Configurations 38DC Open Loop Gain 38AC Open Loop Gain 39373.4 Voltage Reference 41Positive TC of AVBE 41Negative TC of VBE 4 1Build a AVBE 42Building a Voltage Reference 43Fractional Band-Gap Voltage Reference 443.5 Voltage Regulator 463.6 Linear versus Switching 483.7 Switching Regulators 493.8 Buck Converters 49Switching Regulator Power Train 50Output Capacitor 52Electrolytic Capacitors and Transient ResponseCeramic Capacitors 53Losses in the Power TrainThe Analog Modulator 56Driver 57 This book discusses state-of-the-art power management techniques ofmodern electronic appliances relying on such Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) chips as CPUs and DSPs.It also covers specific circuit design issues and their implications,including original derivation of important expressions.This book is geared toward systems and applications, although italso gets into the specific technical aspects of discrete and integratedsolutions, like the analysis of circuits within the power chips whichpower PCs and other modern electronics.The first half of this book is a good complement to classic semiconductortext books because it deals with the same complex issues in amore conversational way. It avoids completely the use of complexexpressions and minimizing the use of formulas to useful ones, thatallow us to plug values in and get an actual result.The second half of the book is a broad review of the modern technologylandscape seen through the eyes of the power management engineer,continually challenged by the rising complexity of modernelectronic appliances.