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延长锂离子电池寿命的设计技术

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  • 标      签: 电池寿命 锂离子 电源管理

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延长锂离子电池寿命的设计技术   便携式设备中的电源管理是电子工程师面临的最严峻挑战之一。消费者需要从他们的设备,大量的功能,以及一个大,明亮多彩的触摸屏的即时反应。此外,现在许多便携式设备都采用无线连接,这就给电池带来了进一步的需求。然而,用户希望电池,一个敏感的锂离子(李离子)电池,需要仔细充电从一些来源,包括USB插座,持续至少一天,然后迅速刷新。   设计一个满足这些矛盾问题的电源管理系统是很困难的。然而,有一些有助于延长电池寿命的有效的设计技术。此外,关键的半导体厂商已经使生活更容易通过提供电源管理单元(PMU),整合一些,甚至所有,用于便携式设备的高效电源所需的功能。   本文提供了在手持设备的能源消耗最小化的一些设计原则和重点的新的集成PMU      Lithium energy   Li-ion cells, the mainstay power source for high-demand portable devices, have improved in energy density (energy capacity/volume) by only about seven percent per year since they were first commercialized in 1991. Compared to the rapid increase in silicon chip performance, that is a snail’s pace. Nonetheless, lithium-based power for portable devices is parTIcularly appealing for two key reasons: Lithium is the most electroposiTIve metal (i.e., it exhibits a high posiTIve charge), lending itself to batteries with higher voltages than other rechargeable types (around 3.6 V compared to 1.2 to 1.5 V for nickel-based batteries); and it is the lightest metal (only two elements, hydrogen and helium, are lighter) allowing the storage of more energy per kilogram than most other metals (around 3,900 Ahr/kg compared to 260 Ahr/kg for lead)。¹ Other benefits include thousands of recharges and no occurrence of the “memory effect” that plagued early nickel cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable cells.
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