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物联网设备选择电池
物联网(物联网)依赖于使用自主的,无线连接的传感器来传递数据,不断变化的环境条件,往往是偏远的,难以到达的位置。因此,物联网传感器节点需要能够提供自己的电源多年。
虽然物联网传感器节点可以利用能量收集提供电力,可用的能量量小,往往不可靠。传感器节点通常需要某种方式暂时存储能量,以便在读取或无线发送消息时准备就绪。一种选择是提供一个小型充电电池或存储电容器。然而,这些存储机制有其自身的缺点,可以限制它们的用处:充电电池磨损几百个充放电循环后,需要更换,超级电容器将不只是随着时间的推移改变其特性,但将自我放电迅速。自放电可高达每天百分之20,造成许多转换的能源被浪费。
为了确保电源可以提供在生命周期的物联网产品,一次电池可能需要,虽然它可以补充的能量收集和存储子系统的组合。通过使用收获,它是可能的延长传感器节点的可用寿命之前,其主要电池已耗尽,需要更换或节点本身被处置。
The power consumpTIon profile of a sensor node tends to follow a model through which the acTIvity of the node is mainly confined to short bursts, typically to take a sensor reading and, if the reading is outside the expected range, send an alert over a wireless link. At all other TImes, most of the electronics will be in a low-power sleep mode. As a result, the power consumpTIon will be exhibited as a series of pulses, perhaps with different heights and duration depending on how much of the circuitry is active at any one time.