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In Li-Ion battery systems it is important to match thecharge condition of each cell to maximize pack performanceand longevity. Cell life improves by avoiding bothdeep discharge and overcharge, so typical systems strivefor operation between 20% and 80% states of charge(SOC). Detection and correction of charge imbalancesassures that all cells track within the desired SOC window,preventing premature aging of some cells that couldcompromise the entire pack capacity. Highly accuratemeasurements are required to determine SOC with Li-Ioncells due to their exceptionally fl at discharge characteristics,particularly with the lower voltage chemistries (seeexample in Figure 1).